Taken from the article of Ms. Fatuhi Engineer;
The history of shed construction in the world and Iran
Sheds are metal structures that are usually made of steel in such a way that their surrounding environment makes the space fully usable without any columns and the type of roofs are generally sloping.
The use of sheds is in industries, warehouses, stadiums, livestock and poultry production halls, etc., which are made in different dimensions and with different opening widths, heights and lengths, and the amount of bearing snow and wind loads in them according to the shape and Their design is different.
Why and how were metal sheds made?
Metal sheds prospered with the advancement in industry and technology; Because in some large projects and structures that had a large extent, the use and construction of concrete sheds was difficult or in some cases impossible, so with the emergence of a structure called metal sheds, the industry flourished and made it easier. The work was done.
In addition to making large projects possible, these structures had high resistance and lower costs.
In ancient times, metal structures were made using cast iron, but over time, iron replaced cast iron.
After that, metal structures were made using low carbon iron or malleable iron and prospered.
It was the malleability of iron that allowed the builders to make a variety of structures by bending and shaping iron.
With the passage of time and the use of steel instead of malleable iron and having advantages such as the lightness and greater flexibility of steel and its high quality, iron with low carbon content was gradually replaced by steel, and it is a big step towards the construction of today’s sheds. was removed
The use of steel had many advantages, one of which was the occupation of less space by the metal frame of the structure.
Construction and use of sheds after the industrial revolution in Europe and Iran
With the beginning of the industrial revolution in Europe, the construction of sheds also flourished in this region of the world, with the spread of industry and the need of factories for special spaces, shed construction was considered as one of the pillars of the industrial progress of countries.
Factors such as the need to create large spaces and use them, as well as saving the construction time and related costs, along with the concern for progress and transformation, caused the construction of sheds for construction in Iran since about 75 years ago. Industrial factories and various workshops should be started by adapting the industrial progress of Europe.
Today, hundreds of thousands of sheds have been built and are operating in various industrial and service centers of the country.
Changes caused by the type of connections of shed components over the years
In the history of shed construction, the connections of the shed components have also had their own evolutionary process in such a way that these structures were initially connected by welding.
Over time, with the destruction of the components that were connected to each other by this means, the use of bolts and nuts replaced the use of welding, and this also had a great effect on the quick start-up of structures and increasing their resistance to corrosion. different types and also has high resistance against fires and has caused the increasing prosperity of using this method in connecting shed components.
Today, in addition to the use of bolts and nuts, a device called a seamer is also used to sew and integrate plates in UBM sheds.
Considering that sheds are basically large metal structures with sloping roofs and are mostly used for spaces that require large openings.
Therefore, due to the large size of the beams and columns, it is not possible to use the profiles available in the market for the implementation of these structures, and it is necessary to build them specifically, which are called sheet beams.
The history of developments in concrete technology in the construction of sheds
Another technology that has had a great impact on the progress of construction of sheds is the progress in concrete technology; By creating reinforced concrete and strengthening the foundation, it is possible to build heavier, stronger and larger structures.
The possibility of transferring different loads to the structure to the concrete floor and foundation and then transferring them to the ground made it possible to design different types of sheds and shed construction technology took a big leap forward.
Today, with the development of science and technology, competition in terms of price and execution speed is of particular importance, and for this reason, shed construction methods have changed, and devices such as UBM or KSPEN are used, which increase the speed of construction. It increases the shed up to 5 times and on the other hand it reduces the finished price of the structure by 50%.
Today’s structures are anti-earthquake and very light and resistant to wind speed up to 120 km/h.
Also, due to having numerous grooves on its surface, the air flow acts as an insulating cover in them.
Polyurethane coatings can also be used for insulation in very cold or very hot areas. These structures can be applied on a light foundation and will not need welding.